{"id":79223,"date":"2019-08-31T19:19:15","date_gmt":"2019-08-31T17:19:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.comicbox.com\/?p=79223"},"modified":"2019-08-31T19:19:15","modified_gmt":"2019-08-31T17:19:15","slug":"80-ans-de-marvel-comics","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.comicbox.com\/index.php\/articles\/80-ans-de-marvel-comics\/","title":{"rendered":"80 ans de Marvel Comics"},"content":{"rendered":"

C’est le 31 ao\u00fbt 1939 (pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment 80 ans aujourd’hui), qu’est paru le tout premier num\u00e9ro de la s\u00e9rie Marvel Comics<\/strong>, premier comic-book lanc\u00e9 par la firme qui, depuis, a adopt\u00e9 ce nom. Marvel Comics #1, c’\u00e9tait aussi la toute premi\u00e8re pierre de l’univers Marvel, avec l’int\u00e9gration de h\u00e9ros tels que Namor le Sub-Mariner, l’andro\u00efde Human Torch, le justicier Angel, le seigneur de la jungle Ka-Zar ou le cow-boy Masked Rider… Autant de noms qui depuis ont connus des fortunes diverses mais ont trac\u00e9 la voie pour les Avengers, Fantastic Four, Spider-Man et autres X-Men.<\/p>\n

\"80En 1938, Martin Goodman et Robert Erisman avaient lanc\u00e9 Marvel Science Stories, ce qui \u00e9tait alors un nouveau magazine de r\u00e9cits de science-fiction (\u00e9v\u00e8nement que nous avions d\u00e9crit dans le d\u00e9tail l’an dernier pour l’anniversaire de ce nom)<\/strong><\/a>. Mais c’est en 1939 que, notant l’essor des comics, Martin Goodman d\u00e9cide de s’attaquer \u00e9galement \u00e0 ce march\u00e9 en publiant \u00e0 son tour un illustr\u00e9 titr\u00e9 Marvel Comics (et Marvel Mystery Comics \u00e0 partir du deuxi\u00e8me num\u00e9ro). A l’\u00e9poque, il n’a aucun employ\u00e9 en interne qui produit ou sait produire de la bande-dessin\u00e9e. Goodman rach\u00e8te donc du mat\u00e9riel tir\u00e9 d’un magazine mort-n\u00e9 quelques semaines plus t\u00f4t, Motion Picture Funnies Weekly #1<\/strong>, produit par le studio de Lloyd Jacquet. C’est dans ces pages qu’il obtient la premi\u00e8re aventure de Namor The Sub-Mariner (cr\u00e9ation de Bill Everett), ce qui fait que Namor est techniquement un peu plus vieux que Marvel Comics. Pour la petite histoire, Motion Picture Funnies Weekly \u00e9tait une tentative sans lendemain de lancer un magazine de BD vendu dans les cin\u00e9mas (au m\u00eame titre que le popcorn et le soda). Ce qui est ironique quand on voit 80 ans plus tard l’importance que Marvel a pris dans l’industrie du cin\u00e9ma am\u00e9ricain.<\/p>\n

Parce qu’il \u00e9tait courant d’antidater les revues de quelques mois pour mieux tromper les vendeurs des kiosques (qui les gardaient ainsi en rayon jusqu’\u00e0 la fin du mois indiqu\u00e9 sur la couverture, Marvel Comics #1 est \u00ab\u00a0officiellement\u00a0\u00bb estampill\u00e9 d’octobre mais, ne vous y trompez pas, sa sortie physique s’est bien d\u00e9roul\u00e9e le 31 ao\u00fbt. Ce fascicule marque dont l’entr\u00e9e de l’\u00e9diteur dans le domaine de la bande-dessin\u00e9e mais fait aussi que, par la m\u00eame occasion, on f\u00eate aujourd’hui du premier Human Torch (invent\u00e9 par Carl Burgos). [Vous pouvez retrouver ici une pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente chronique sur le segment concernant le personnage de Burgos]<\/strong><\/a> Moins connu de nos jours, le d\u00e9tective Angel, cr\u00e9\u00e9 par Paul Gustavson, est sans doute le personnage du sommaire qui correspond le plus \u00e0 la description classique d’un super-h\u00e9ros [L\u00e0 aussi nous avons d\u00e9j\u00e0 consacr\u00e9 toute une chronique aux d\u00e9buts d’Angel]<\/strong><\/a>. Pour d’autres personnages, c’est plus complexe. Bien que le cow-boy Masked Raider (utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 nouveau cette semaine dans Marvel Comics #1000)<\/strong><\/a> fasse ses premiers pas sous forme de bande-dessin\u00e9e lanc\u00e9e par Al Anders, il \u00e9tait en fait l’adaptation d’un pulp pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment publi\u00e9 par Martin Goodman en 1934. M\u00eame chose pour Ka-Zar qui, bien que dessin\u00e9 par Ben Thompson \u00e9tait adapt\u00e9 d’un autre pulp publi\u00e9 par l’\u00e9diteur en 1936.<\/p>\n

Il n’est pas certain que Goodman cr\u00fbt beaucoup dans le potentiel de Namor. La couverture donne le beau r\u00f4le \u00e0 Human Torch (encore que le dessinateur Frank R. Paul, peu au fait de l’apparence du h\u00e9ros, lui donne un rictus semblable \u00e0 un Joker enflamm\u00e9). A l’int\u00e9rieur du sommaire, l’ordre d’apparition fait qu’Human Torch et Angel le pr\u00e9c\u00e8dent. Au final ce seront quand m\u00eame les deux personnes les plus bard\u00e9s de pouvoirs (la Torche et Namor) qui s’imposeront. Au point que quelques mois plus tard on juge utile de les faire se rencontrer, ce qui sera le premier crossover officiel de Marvel. Lanc\u00e9 comme un coup d’essai avec un tirage initial de 80.000 exemplaires, Marvel Comics #1 a connu un succ\u00e8s imm\u00e9diat, obligeant l’\u00e9diteur \u00e0 r\u00e9imprimer le num\u00e9ro quelques semaines plus tard, cette fois avec un tirage de 800.000.<\/p>\n[Xavier Fournier]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

C’est le 31 ao\u00fbt 1939 (pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment 80 ans aujourd’hui), qu’est paru le tout premier num\u00e9ro de la s\u00e9rie Marvel Comics,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":79224,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[3,1727,1],"tags":[6277,5142,27],"class_list":["post-79223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-articles","category-diapo","category-news","tag-anniversaire","tag-marvel","tag-marvel-comics"],"yoast_head":"\n80 ans de Marvel Comics 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